Pinyin Basics

Notes

• s: normal
• x: (to revisit / add pronunciation note)

Spelling rules

• For j, q, x, and y, omit u'' (umlaut form) in spelling.

• When i, u, uii appear in the initial position, they change to:

  • y
  • w
  • yu

Examples

• ian -> yian
• iu (iou) -> "iao" sound (Thai note to add later)
• ui (uei) -> wei
• un (uen) -> wen

Extra note

• c -> ts

To update later

• Add exact pronunciation guidance for x
• Add more examples for each rule